1. 前言
Introduction
乡村是近年来不断被讨论的议题，从都市计划与土地使用分区，建筑上的混构与游移在法规边缘的模糊性，带来许多混乱、粗旷但又自成微型模矩的空间型态；在竹田，我们尝试透过几个空间小品来探讨因农业遗址所留下的构造物该如何再生。建于1942年的德兴米厂是台湾南部屏东乡下的粮食局、是稻米储存的地方、孩子们玩耍的游乐场，也是大家心目中的客家大伙房。
The countryside has increasingly been the topic of discussion in recent years. From urban planning and land use zoning, there is an ambiguity of mixed-use structure that often wanders on the edge of regulations. It has brought many chaotic, rough but self-contained miniature spatial patterns. In Zhutian, we try to explore how to regenerate the structures left by the agricultural relics through several projects. Dexing Rice Factory, built in 1942, is the grain bureau for the rural area of Pingtung in southern Taiwan. Once place for rice storage and for children to play and it has remained the Hakka house (Huo fáng) in everyone’s mind.
▼项目概览，Exterior view © 李易暹摄影工作室
▼沿街道望向建筑，View from the street © 李易暹摄影工作室
2. 住商混合的透天厝
A mixed house of residence and business
以“旧”作为概念发想的起源，将木构造车站前的私有仓库建筑群与景观场域重新梳理，保留旧的构造物及探索那消失的客家伙房空间，并与在地伙伴们一起思考实践，透过在地庶民常用的材料与工法，重新组构与延续记忆的熟悉感；屏东长年的炙热与每年七、八月份潮湿的雨季日子里，找出可能的建筑型态并在空间上反映当代的生活模式，在铁皮仓库与透天厝混构的纹理上尝试找出共生的对话交流，以竹田乡为聚落空间实践的基地，重新创造属于南国新的邻里关系。
▼德旅店-立面概念草图，Conceptual sketch © 力口建筑
Taking “old” as the origin of the concept, we reorganized the private warehouse buildings and landscape fields in front of the existing wooden structure train station. Our design retains the old structures and explores the disappearing traditional Hakka building typology (Huo fáng). We think, design and work closely together with local partners. In practice, through the materials and construction methods commonly used by the local people, the familiarity of memory is reconfigured and perpetuated; the long-term heat of Pingtung and the humid rainy days in July and August each year, were an important consideration to find out possible architectural forms and one that would spatially reflect the contemporary life style. We try to find a symbiotic dialogue and exchange through materiality, on the texture of the mixed house, the building type known as Tòu tiān cuò by the Taiwanese people, and the iron warehouse. Taking Zhutian Township as the base for the settlement space, to create the new neighborhood relationship belonging to the south.
▼远观外观，Distant view © 李易暹摄影工作室
▼俯瞰入口庭院，Overlook to the entry yard © 李易暹摄影工作室
▼入口区域，Entrance © 力口建筑
3. 51口
51 Voids
德旅店的前身是粮食局，也是德兴米厂创办人张德财先生的起家厝，经过第三代张家姐妹的活化与改造后成为竹田第一间可提供住宿的空间场域。透天厝的建筑型态是乡村聚落常见的居住空间，以前与德兴米厂的仓库紧邻在一起，经历产业的没落，仓库群体与粮食局被分割且各自独立于不同地主，旧有粮食局也出租给外人，2018年与张家姐妹们讨论该如何呈现粮食局大伙房的热闹风景变成思考的主要课题。既有建筑体外墙留下消失的山型屋架的孔，加强砖造上排列有序“口”，是旧有屋架木横梁崁入砖墙的部分。
▼德旅店 – 新旧空间架构图，Diagram – new & old elements © 力口建筑
The predecessor of De Hostel was the Grain Bureau, it was also the original family home of Mr. Zhang De Cai, the founder of Dexing Rice Factory. After the third generation of Zhang sisters, it became the first site in Zhutian to provide visitor accommodation. The building type of Tòu tiān cuò is a common living space in rural settlements. This used to be next to the warehouse of Dexing Rice Factory. After the decline of the industry, the warehouse buildings and the grain bureau were divided and were made independent with different landlords. The old grain bureau was also rented out to outsiders in the past. In 2018, when we were discussing with the Zhang sisters how present the lively scenery at the grain bureau, this became the main topic of thinking. The old truss footholds of the mountain-shaped roof trusses were left on the outer wall of the existing building, and the‘voids’were arranged in an orderly manner on the reinforced brickwork as part of the old roof truss wooden beams, embedded into the brick wall.
▼建筑立面，Building facade © 李易暹摄影工作室
▼立面近景，Facade close-up view © 李易暹摄影工作室
新的外墙保留旧有的木横梁开口，重新再造了51个口，其功能性各不相同，窗的口、风的口、光的口、植物的口、鸟居的口、记忆的口…等等。透过传统洗石子工法来呈现手作的新建筑皮层，壁面一粒粒的小红砖粒摸起来就如同米粒。
The new exterior wall retains the old wooden beam voids, and recreates 51 voids with different functions such as; window openings, wind openings, light openings, plant openings, memory voids, small voids that birds can live etc. The new building skin is hand-made and expressed through the traditional stone washing method and the small red stones on the wall feel like rice grains.
▼从室内望向立面，View to the facade from interior © 李易暹摄影工作室
因土地产权的分割被切出了一个开口，在一楼的民宿入口，退缩一处驻留的前院，街道空间得以延展到内部的半户外空间，周末一楼的私领域开放为半公共性的微型广场空间。
Due to the division of land property rights an opening was cut. The entrance of the hostel on the ground floor retreats back to form a resident’s front yard and the street space can also be extended to make an internal semi-outdoor space. The private area on the ground floor is semi-open to the public on weekends creating a small gathering space.
▼庭院，Courtyard © 李易暹摄影工作室
▼接待空间，Reception space © 力口建筑
▼浅水池，The shallow pool © Mai
© 力口建筑
中庭的水池是引导人们入内的动线，水源引自丰沛的地下水层，在艳阳的午后可调节微气候，无水时可租借研讨与活动的微型广场。
The pool in the atrium is a visual line that guides people along its edge towards the entrance of the building. The water source is drawn from the abundant groundwater layer and the microclimate can be adjusted on a sunny afternoon. When there is no water, the small square can be used for events and activities.
▼拱门细节，The arched door © 李易暹摄影工作室
▼前厅和楼梯间，The lobby and stairs © 李易暹摄影工作室
▼景观楼梯间，The landscaped stairs © 李易暹摄影工作室
© 瞧拍制作有限公司
▼金属楼梯，The metal stairs © 瞧拍制作有限公司
玻璃屋顶运用砖红色火山石堆砌达到遮阳效果，阳光透过石隙，光影洒在磨石子地坪，二楼为六床的背包客房、卫浴区与交谊厅，每个独立床位皆有各自的置物、挂衣空间。
The glass roof is made of brick-red volcanic stones to achieve a shading effect. The sun shines through the stone gaps and the light and shadow are sprinkled on the terrazzo floor. The second floor is a six-bed backpack room, bathroom area and lounge. Each independent bed has its own storage and clothes space.
▼楼梯，Stairs © 李易暹摄影工作室
▼客房区域，Guest room © 李易暹摄影工作室
▼交通中庭，Circulation atrium © 李易暹摄影工作室
三楼以中间的花园、作为两间家庭房的焦点，依循着旋转梯向上，来到顶层花园与屋主的房间。垂直动线由下至上透过low-tech的工法形成自然风道。51年后透过保留旧的氛围，重新塑造新的邻里关系。让大家族的成员们有机会再次相遇在建筑里。
On the third floor, the garden in the middle serves as the focal point of the two family rooms. From here follow the spiral staircase up to the top garden and the owner’s room. The vertical circulation forms a natural wind tunnel from the bottom to the top, a low-tech construction method. Now 51 years later, by preserving the old atmosphere and reimagining and recreating the new neighborhood relationship. Let the members of the extended family have a place to return to and opportunity to meet again in the architecture.
▼屋主房间，The owner’s room © 瞧拍制作有限公司
▼屋顶花园，Roof garden © 李易暹摄影工作室
4. 新的邻里关系与半公共性的院落建筑
New Neighborhood Relations and Semi-Public Courtyard Architecture
我们试问建筑是否能为公共环境带来如何的改善，德旅店在家族第三、四代接手营运后，透过一楼底层的开放空间围塑了口袋微型花园，连结周末在竹田驿园的市集，引导游客们进入私领域空间，楼上的住宿旅客透过活动可来共同参与，晚上也提供租借，成为乡公所与各社团伙伴们交流互动的空间，这也将成为大家族们回家的伙房客厅。
时间是记忆的剖面。每件旧的人事物都该思考如何被友善的对待与保存，竹田乡的重造旧业会持续的耕耘下去，旧的边界也逐步形塑新的院落伙房空间 。
We ask whether architecture can improve the public environment. After the third and fourth generations of the family took over the operation, the hostel has built a pocket garden through the open space on the ground floor, connecting to the market in Zhutian Yiyuan park on weekends. This opening guides visitors into the private space and the guests staying at the hostel to participate together though activities. It is available to rent for various events and activities both day and night, and will also become the home of the big family.
Time is the section of memory. All old things should be considered, treated and preserved in careful manner. This reuse and redesign of the old industrial buildings in Zhutian Township will continue to evolve, and the old boundary will gradually shape the new courtyard housing space.
▼后院区域，Backyard © Mai
© 瞧拍制作有限公司
▼夜景，Night view © 李易暹摄影工作室
▼项目鸟瞰，Aerial view © 李易暹摄影工作室
▼模型，Model © 力口建筑
▼平面图和剖面示意，Plans and section © 力口建筑
▼立面图示意，Elevation © 力口建筑
▼西立面图，West elevation © 力口建筑
▼北立面图，North elevation © 力口建筑
▼南立面图，South elevation © 力口建筑
▼A-A’剖面图，A-A’ Section © 力口建筑
▼B-B’剖面图，B-B’ Section © 力口建筑
▼C-C’剖面图，C-C’ Section © 力口建筑
名称：德旅店
地点：台湾屏东县竹田乡
设计公司：力口建筑
设计团队：利培安、利培正、陈蕙绮、宋育凤
摄影：李易暹摄影工作室、瞧拍制作有限公司、力口建筑
设计时间：2018/11~2019/06
施工时间：2019/06~2021/05
主要建材：洗石子、磨石子、火头砖、火山石、金属版冲孔、玻璃、扩张网、菱形网
主要植栽：台湾榉木、山马茶花、红桧、香水梅、海葡萄、红彩木、穗花木兰、薜荔、电信兰
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