▼阁楼一瞥，a glimpse of the loft ©成直
谷底的房子
House at the bottom of the valley
山雀之家位于北京西部太行山区深处，一个谷底村落中的低矮处。场地面积大概100平方米。当我们第一次拜访，无论处于室内还是院中，都感觉拥挤闭塞。旧有房舍昏暗，院子窄小凌乱。虽身处大山之中，却很难感受到周边的景致。
The site of this project is located in the western mountainous area near Beijing city, occupying a low-lying site within a mountain village, roughly 100 square meters in size. The original spatial condition was crowded and chaotic, and although people lived within the wilderness of the mountains, they could hardly feel the beauty of their surroundings.
▼远景鸟瞰，项目与村庄环境，distanced aerial view, project and the surroundings ©成直
去高处
To be high
山雀之家的主人，是曾经拜访过台上之家的客人。第一次见面，主人就向我们表达了，对台上之家开阔视野的喜爱；反复嘱托，也希望拥有一处可以在高处看风景的台子。我想，去高处，这仿佛是人们关于建筑某种潜藏的愿望。无论人们最早关于家的想象(Primitive hut)，众多理论的根基，或者流传最广泛的建筑传奇(Tower of Bable)，其中总有一个源流指引我们向高处去。远离地面上的秩序，威胁，和由此产生的焦虑。如果说建筑对人们的庇护换来的是身体和精神上的规训，那么去高处，自由便会重新降临。
The client was once a guest at “House of Steps” (a previous project which we completed and published in 2020). During our first meeting, the client displayed a true love for the open views provided by “House of Steps”, and communicated that they wished to have a similar terrace at a high vantage point that would provide excellent views. I suppose it could be said that reaching high places is a kind of innate desire that exists deep within human beings, and one which architecture can please. Looking at the earliest imaginings of home, the roots of numerous theories, or the most widely circulated architectural legends, there is always a source that leads us to seek a higher plane, away from the chaos, threats, and anxieties that arise from being on the surface. If people need to be sheltered in exchange for obedience, living between streets, walls and roofs can mean living under multiple forms of discipline. Perhaps then reaching a high vantage point can mean a return to freedom.
▼区位分析，location ©察社办公室
▼设计生成，design generation ©察社办公室
冲突
Conflict
在这个低矮狭小的场地中，我们的设计任务是要建造一处良好体验的山中住处。其中包括三套独立卫浴的卧室，以及宽敞实用的公共空间。把165平方米的房子，塞进这100平方米的场地中去。建筑物拔地而起无可避免，如何操作一座垂直发展又适应所在环境的房子，这也是我们此次关于“连贯性”实验的特征和前提。
Within this small, crowded site, our assignment was to build a vacation home that provided access to and experience of the mountains. This included three en-suite bedrooms, and a series of functional public spaces with fine scale. Placing a 165 square meter building onto a site of just 100 square meters, the question of how to deal with the conflict between large volume and small site is the premise of our experiment in “coherence”.
▼突出的阁楼与周边村落形成对比，contrast between the extruding loft and the surrounding village houses ©朱雨蒙
▼三角形屋顶近景，closer view to the triangular roof ©朱雨蒙
▼屋顶使用与周边建筑不同的波纹板
roof using corrugated panels, which is different from the surrounding houses ©朱雨蒙
▼入口，材料的对比
entrance, contrast between the materials ©朱雨蒙
美人与张飞
Beauty and Warrior
我们最初试图保留木结构旧有房舍，用局部加建钢结构轻建造的方式，来削弱高大体量对邻里周遭的压迫感。然而几轮方案后，两套结构体系的冲突日渐明显。人们好像在一系列梁柱森林的夹缝中生活。
We initially attempted to keep and reuse the old wooden framed building located on site, and place a new volume on top of it using a light structure in order to reduce the aggression toward the surrounding neighborhood. However, old and new, the two structures conflicted with one another, and it felt as if one was living within a forrest of structural components.
▼分解轴测图
exploded axonometric ©察社办公室
▼结构模型，structure model ©察社办公室
旧有建筑被迫放弃，在原位置上建造一个同样的体量，统一轻型建构体系。整体看起来，依然是在原有体量上叠加一个新的形状。这也就成为建筑最终的形态来源。这一过程让我们想起传统相声中的桥段：在扇面上画美人，最终词不达意，索性改成张飞。我想，这种基于连贯性思考中的转折仿佛生动又有效。
So, the old building was thus abandoned, and we instead built a new building with a similar size and form, unifying with the light construction system. The overall appearance is still similar to the new volume on top of the pre-existing one. There is an old Chinese story, about a painter who painted a beautiful woman but with a strange appearance. Then, with only a small change, the beautiful woman became a warrior. We believe the change in coherent thinking can bring forth effective solutions.
▼叠加的观景平台，additional viewing platform ©成直
坡
Slope
我们在场地中保留了一个4米乘5米的小院子。参照场地内外的其他建筑形式，西侧高耸的建筑体量也同步倾斜后仰。在院中，压迫感消除，只能感受到一层檐口的高度。这个大斜坡延伸到北侧立面，结合向西的坡面，形成一个高处的三角形。而北侧体量南北两侧的双坡向西延伸，南侧坡面进入西北体量重叠部分，坡下形成连续完整的公共空间，坡上则被一系列退台式的炕占据形成其中一个卧室。实际上，坡成了公共和私密区域的边界。坡下是高耸的单层公共单元；坡上是结合南北地面高差而形成的两层卧室。相对于稳定的平面，坡面是个充满动态的形态。在这个过程中，身体，行动，光线，空气的流动也被塑造出来。
A small courtyard with an area of roughly 4 meters by 5 meters was retained as before. In reference to the sloping roof as is the existing building form in the area, the towering volume on the west side is tilted back, thus preventing people from feeling uncomfortable with the large volumes existing on such a small site. The grand slope is then merged with a slope on the opposite side. When looking toward the northern façade, a triangle appears on top of the original volume. Simultaneously, the sloped roof of the northern building extends toward the west and enters the interior. Under the slope, various public areas with multiple heights are combined together to form one cohesive space. On the slope, the space is occupied by a series of terraces, which function as beds at differing elevations. Essentially, the slope becomes the boundary between public and private. Compared to a stable horizontal surface, a slope conveys dynamism and movement. Within this process, the body, action, light, and the flow of wind are all also shaped.
▼院子，courtyard ©朱雨蒙
▼庭院与室内空间的高差
height difference between the courtyard an the interior space ©朱雨蒙
擦掉边界
Blur the Boundary
这种流动性的空间形态与公共区域的内在要求相一致，尤其是在此项目极小的面积要求下。厨房、餐厅、起居以及影音娱乐室不同的区域之间消除墙壁，完全贯通，边界模糊。原有场地中南北的高差在影音娱乐室转化成三阶看台。高差代替墙壁变成隐隐的区域边界。小屋子和小院子之间也尽量设置通告的玻璃，上午的光线透过玻璃窗洒进来，模糊了室内外的区别。不同方向不同位置不同高度，在材料和构造的缝隙中，尽量形成透光的开口。例如山墙上部与坡屋面之间，来访者在室内不经意的抬头，也能看到窗外的远山。
This dynamic form is in keeping with the inherent requirements of the public spaces, in particular given the extremely small size required for this project. The walls between the various areas of the kitchen, dining, and living rooms and theater are eliminated and the boundaries are completely blurred. The difference in height within the original site is broken up into stages comprising of three steps in the theater. Instead of walls, the height difference becomes a hidden boundary between areas. On the boundary between the compact interior and narrow courtyard, as much glass as possible was used to separate the two so as to allow the morning light to pour through, blurring the distinction between inside and out. Windows take the place of gaps between different materials and components, for example, between the upper part of the hill wall and the sloping roof, allowing visitors to see the mountains through a triangular window.
▼流动的起居空间，dynamic form of the living space ©朱雨蒙
▼开放式厨房与吧台
open kitchen and the bar ©朱雨蒙
▼透过巨大的开窗看向庭院，view to the courtyard through large openings ©朱雨蒙
▼模糊的边界，blurred boundaries ©朱雨蒙
▼可以灵活使用的起居空间
dynamic living space ©朱雨蒙
▼十字梁柱界定空间
space defined by the crosse column and beam ©朱雨蒙
山雀之家
House of Mountain birds
虽然平面尺度拮据，坡上坡下的垂直空间却丰富多样。两部陡峭的楼梯，分别在场地的南北两侧把人们的活动贯穿起来。坡下的公共区域，在一层天花最高处开洞，旋转楼梯和排风的烟道穿过洞口，把公共区域和屋面观景平台连接在一起。而南侧卧室区域被另一部单跑楼梯连接上下层，动态和静态的不同场所最大程度的被隔离开。除了坡上坡下，这种在不同区域中上下穿梭的动态，与我们惯常的楼梯间标准层体系有区别。更像林中鸟雀的日常。这也是山雀之家这个名字的由来。
Though the horizontal space is limited, the vertical space above and below the slope is rich and diverse. Two steep staircases link the space at differing heights. One for public, and one for private. Within the public space, we cut a hole at the highest point of the first floor ceiling, placing a spiral staircase which passes through to link the first floor with the roof terrace, while the bedrooms on the first floor and second floor are linked together by another staircase within the private area. The dynamic of going up and down in different areas and at various heights can be metaphorically described as birds living in the woods. This is also the origin of the name of this project, “House of Mountain Birds”.
▼从旋转楼梯鸟瞰起居空间
overlook the living space from the spiral staircase ©朱雨蒙
除了地面到天台之间的坡面和错层，陡峭的楼梯连接，山雀之家的另一个特征是逼近极限的尺度感。这集中体现在二层的卧室部分。空间小到无法把洗手盆安排在卫生间内。我们直接把上楼梯口的交通空间，切出一部分，让给连续的洗手台面。这样一来，共用区域和每个卧室内部的边界暧昧起来。卧室门变成上下不等宽的推拉门。当门关上的时候，异形的门扇与洗手台咬合，卧室内外得以分开。
Aside from the slopes and staggered floor between the roof terrace and yard, another characteristic of the project is the sense of scale that pushes limits. The most typical space are the bedrooms on the second floor. Space was too limited to place the sink in the bathroom, so we instead installed a countertop between the bedroom and staircase, blurring the boundaries between the two. The width of the sliding door becomes unequal at the top and bottom, and when the door is closed, the unevenly shaped door bites into the countertop, separating inside and outside.
▼卧室，bedroom ©朱雨蒙
▼卧室中的条形开窗，ribbon window in the bedroom ©朱雨蒙
▼洗手间，镜面扩大空间，washing room, using mirror to expand the space ©朱雨蒙
材料与质感
Material and Texture
一方面山雀之家的空间策略是对场地极限的回应。另一方面建构与材料的选择和搭配也是对有限预算的回应。波形金属板，松木胶合板，乳胶漆和抛光混凝土地面。都是廉价的材料和做法。屋顶和天花，金属和木材的对比，材料色泽冷暖的差异，结合双坡的形态，建筑物天然带来了某种庇护感。坡面下面的钢梁在公共空间中暴露出来，也就不再装饰变成空间感受的一部分。旋转楼梯钢木结合，保证结构安全性的同时，改善钢材冷峻的表面。抛光混凝土地面没有分缝，也让公共空间感受上更整体连贯。而院子的围墙依然保持最原始的石材砌筑来呼应所在环境。
On one hand, the spatial strategy is an answer to the requirements of the site, and on another, the material and detail strategy also provide answers to the limited budget. Corrugated metal panels, pine plywood, latex paint, and polished concrete floors, all are inexpensive materials. Roof and ceiling, metal and wood, the difference between warm and cold colors combined with the sloping form, the building naturally brings forth a certain sense of shelter. The steel pillar and beams beneath the slope are exposed in the public space, and they become part of the feeling it provides. The polished concrete floor is free of joints, which also makes the public space feel more integrated and coherent. The courtyard wall retains the same stone masonry as was in place before the renovation, in order to echo the context of the surrounding village.
▼细部，details ©朱雨蒙
▼夜景，night view ©朱雨蒙
▼夜晚的庭院，courtyard in the night ©朱雨蒙
▼一层平面图，first floor plan ©察社办公室
▼二层平面图，second floor plan ©察社办公室
▼三层平面图，third floor plan ©察社办公室
▼立面图，elevations ©察社办公室
▼剖面图，sections ©察社办公室
▼细部，details ©察社办公室
项目名称：山雀之家 – 自由就是要向高处去
项目类型：独立住宅
设计方：察社办公室
项目设计：2021
完成年份：2022
设计团队：成直，武迪，潘居豪
项目地址：北京门头沟区斋堂镇白虎头村22号院
建筑面积：168㎡
摄影版权：朱雨蒙，成直
结构工程师：高雪梅
客户：宋帅，王美超
材料：铝镁锰波纹金属屋面板，松木胶合板
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