栗子住宅位于葡萄牙北部的Valeflor，这是一个生长着大量栗子树和橡树的乡村地区。小屋坐落于一个面向东南的斜坡，起伏的Serra da Marofa山脊构成了它的背景。
Chestnut house is located in Valeflor, in the north of Portugal, a rural area densely occupied by chestnut and oak trees, which extend on a slope facing East-South, with the Serra da Marofa ridge as background.
▼项目概览，Exterior view © José Campos
房屋的设计主题源于设计者在初次到访场地时看到的一棵硕大的栗子树。基于“场地精神”的理念，栗子住宅被打造为一个具有“庇护感”的居所。建筑干预的目的是尽可能地降低影响，保持土地的原有特征，同时使既有树木的显著形态与景观融为一体。
▼设计草图，Sketch © João Mendes Ribeiro
The first visit to the site revealed a large secular chestnut tree that became the motto for the development of the house project. Under this chestnut tree, invoking the concept of the genius loci, a “shelter” house was designed: the Chestnut House. The intervention sought to be as less intrusive as possible, keeping the original character of the land practically untouched and without affecting the shelter tree, around which the house is implanted, molding itself to its imposing morphology and merging with the landscape.
▼住宅和场地中既有的栗子树共存，The house co-exists with the chestnut tree on the site © José Campos
▼户外平台，The outdoor deck © José Campos
建筑拥有一个轻盈的高架结构，其形态和材料与场地地形建立了极为和谐的关系，同时避免了对栗子树的根部造成破坏。
The construction is made of a light and over-elevated structure, whose morphology and materiality relate to the terrain in the most harmonious way possible, without affecting the chestnut roots.
▼建筑南立面，South facade © José Campos
▼西南侧透视，Perspective from southwest © José Campos
建筑的设计和材料选择均符合可持续原则，低能耗的解决方案能够减少对环境的影响。所有的结构都是以经过环保认证的木材打造，内部饰面采用定向刨花板（OSB）和软木板，具有保温和隔音的特性。
The design of the building and the choice of materials comply with sustainability principles, energy and low carbon solutions that tend to be sustainable in order to minimize the environmental impact of the construction. All the structure is in certified wood, lined with oriented strand board (OSB) and cork panels, with thermal and acoustic characteristics.
▼室内概览，Interior view © José Campos
在外部，两面外墙、屋顶和露台覆盖以涂黑的木材，这种材料在尊重木材的自然属性的同时，还兼有耐久性和尺寸的稳定性。墙壁、天花板以及家具采用桦木胶合板打造，为房屋内部带来温暖且热情的氛围。
In the exterior, both facades, roof and deck are coated with black-painted wood. This material respects the natural properties of wood and guarantees its durability and dimensional stability. The walls and ceiling, as well as the furniture, are made of birch plywood, which gives a warm and welcoming atmosphere to the interior of the house.
▼木质立面细节，Wood facade detailed view © José Campos
▼树荫下的露台，The deck sheltered by the tree canopy © José Campos
建筑的形式原本是由两个相似的立方体（边长4.1米）构成，但考虑到场地中的树木，这一规整的几何形状被树冠和树枝的位置所“打破”和“拉伸”，使建筑呈现出向树冠打开的姿态，从而增强了景观的存在感。立面上分布着大小不一的开口，它们均与日照或景观相关联。较大的开口将室内与自然联系起来，较小的开口则被加深颜色的改性木格栅覆盖，起到保护内部空间隐私的作用。
The perfect geometry of two associated cubes (4.1 meters edge) is broken and tensioned by the tree canopy and its branches, opening the building towards the tree canopy, which amplifies the presence of the landscape. On the elevations there are small and large openings that relate with the sundial or with the landscape. Large openings connect the interior space with nature, while small openings, concealed by the outer covering of darkened modified wood, guarantee privacy in internal spaces.
▼体块生成示意，Massing process © João Mendes Ribeiro
▼独特的几何形体，The unique geometric volume © José Campos
▼屋面视角，Rooftop © José Campos
▼大尺寸的窗户，The large opening in the facade © José Campos
基于对居住空间的批判性思考，设计团队希望为这个简单而紧凑的空间赋予最大程度的舒适性和可持续性。房屋的室内布局是按照最小空间的功能而设计的，这使建筑在体量上尽可能地缩小，但并不失去完善的内部功能。洗手间和厨房等服务型空间、起居区以及睡眠区被容纳在同一个空间内，同时，夹层空间还可以容纳一张额外的床铺。
▼轴测图，Axon © João Mendes Ribeiro
In a critical reflection on Living, the aim was to transform the minimum space into comfort and sustainability. The interior organization of the house is designed in function of minimum space, that allows to minimize the external volumetry and to ensure a functional and comfortable use of the internal spaces. The house accommodates, in a single space, the convenience and kitchen areas, the living area and the sleeping space, with the possibility of placing an extra bed on a mezzanine.
▼客厅和睡眠区，Living area and sleeping space © José Campos
起居区通过一面大尺寸的窗户与室外空间紧密相连，使内部体验延伸到外部的木质平台，淡化了室内外的边界。尽管没有设置专门的起居室，但室内外之间设有一个过渡区域，它将居住者引向栗子树下，营造出一种不同以往的户外客厅氛围。
The living area is deeply connected with the outer area through a large window that extends the interior space outside and onto the wooden deck platform, enhancing a dilution of the interior / exterior border and frankly allowing outdoor living. There is no living room, but there is a mediation space between the interior and the exterior, because the living room is under the chestnut canopy.
▼起居区与室外空间紧密相连，The living area is deeply connected with the outer area through a large window © José Campos
▼淡化的室内外边界，The blurred border between interior and exterior © José Campos
▼夹层空间，Mezzanine © José Campos
房屋在一年之中揭示出季节和天气的变化——它就像是一个反映自然状况的晴雨表，凭借着其固有的纹理和色彩，成为自然与人类身体的延伸。大自然的瞬息变化影响着居住者的生活体验，不同于那些将美丽风景固定在房屋中的做法，栗子住宅的设计更多地考虑了不稳定和不可预测的因素，并期待与周围景观建立一种紧密共生的关系。
The chestnut house reveals, throughout the year, the changes of the season and the weather – it acts as a barometer which reflects the mutations of nature, in its textures and colors, which is, simultaneously, an extension of nature and of our body. It is the changing game of nature that determines the life of the inhabitant. Unlike the idyllic image of the landscape as a fixed frame of time, the design of this house takes into account the unstable and the unpredictable, seeking to express an architecture in close symbiosis with the surrounding landscape.
▼四季不同的景观，The seasonal sceneries © José Campos
▼傍晚的住宅，The house in the evening © José Campos
© João Mendes Ribeiro
▼场地平面和剖面，Site plan and section © João Mendes Ribeiro
▼东立面图和平面图，East elevation and plan © João Mendes Ribeiro
▼剖面图和屋顶平面，Section and roof plan © João Mendes Ribeiro
▼立面图，Elevations © João Mendes Ribeiro
▼结构轴测图，Axon (structure) © João Mendes Ribeiro
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