贝聿铭（1917.4.26-2019.5.16）
2019年5月16日，世界建筑大师贝聿铭先生与世长辞，以大胆的现代主义风格而闻名的他对严格的几何和形状进行了实验，作品集包括博物馆、图书馆和市民中心等。下面小编精选了10个颇具影响力的现代主义作品，以纪念这位华人建筑师。
On May 16, 2019, the world's master architect Leoh Ming Pei passed away, who is known for his bold modernist style that experimented with strict geometries and shapes, and a portfolio that comprises museums, libraries and civic centres.
-1961-
梅萨实验室
Mesa Lab in Colorado
Photography @ Tom Ross
位于科罗拉多州博尔德的梅萨实验室，由建筑师贝聿铭先生设计。实验室于1961年建成，是博尔德郊区国家大气研究中心的一部分，总面积达22,600平方米。它坐落在山顶上，可以俯瞰西部和南部的金色山谷。森林覆盖的地形是巨大的岩层，在周围环境中崛起。
Mesa Laboratory forms part of the National Center for Atmospheric Research on Boulder's outskirts, which totals 22,600 square metres. It has a dramatic, remote setting located on a hilltop that overlooks a golden valley to the west and south. Forested terrain and the Flatirons, which are massive rock formations, rise in the background.
贝聿铭先生从美洲原住民的悬崖民居中使用的基本元素是非常漂亮的，塔楼，弯曲的空间，甚至在原来的住宅中可以看到在切口和塔楼中连接到一个长长的垂直线条主题的正方形。从博尔德出发，它看起来很小，但一旦你到了那里，你会觉得自己像一只蚂蚁，除了偶尔出现的拱形缺口，这座建筑几乎没有任何人类的尺度。
The basic elements Pei has used from the Native American cliff dwellings are really beautiful, Towers, curved spaces, and even the square joining to a long vertical line motif expressed in the cutouts and towers can be seen in the original dwellings. Travelling from Boulder it appears quite small, but once you're there you feel like an ant, Other than the occasional arched cutout there is almost nothing human scale about the building.
-1968-
艾佛森美术馆
Everson Museum of Art
Photography @ Ezra Stoller
由于预算有限，初期也没有什么藏品，贝聿铭先生对艾佛森美术馆的设计涉及了对画廊的投机方式。一系列四个悬挑的盒子围绕中庭雕塑庭院相互连接。每一个都有不同的大小和天花板高度，它们位于一个5英尺长的裙楼之上，提供博物馆服务和主要画廊关闭后的公共空间。
With a limited budget and initially scant collection, the design of this small museum involved a speculative approach to its galleries. A series of four cantilevered boxes are interconnected around an atrium sculpture court. Each of a different size and ceiling height, these galleries rise above a 5-foot podium housing museum services and public spaces accessible after the main galleries are closed.
就像广场上的一件雕塑，这座博物馆的紧凑型结构和对细节的关注使这座三层楼的建筑成为大型公民和文化建筑群的焦点。就地浇筑的混凝土与当地的花岗岩骨料相结合，补充了雪城众多的砂岩建筑。
Like a piece of sculpture installed in a plaza, the museum’s compact size and attention to detail make the three-story building the focal point within a larger civic and cultural complex. Poured-in-place concrete mixed with a local granite aggregate complements Syracuse’s numerous sandstone buildings.
-1973-
约翰逊艺术博物馆
Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art
Photography @ PCF Partners
Cornell美术馆的选址是一个关键的地点，它具有两个不同的方面，每个方面都需要独特的回应。在一个壮观的1000英尺长的斜坡下降到峡谷的顶部，该场地要求坚固，紧凑的建筑以提供一种静止感，而保留自然景观则需要根据空间的垂直分布进行设计。
The site selected for Cornell’s art museum was a pivotal location with two distinct aspects, each requiring a unique response. At the crest of a spectacular 1,000-foot long slope descending into a gorge, the site called for a strong, compact building to provide a sense of termination, while the preservation of natural vistas called for a design based on the vertical distribution of space.
贝聿铭先生将博物馆的空间堆叠在一个九层的塔中，该塔通过透明和大胆的建筑形式相结合来最大化景观。参观者进入一个釉面的入口球场，要么下到下面三层的展览，要么通过永久收藏上升到一个户外露台，在户外露台上欣赏雕塑，欣赏广阔的山脉全景。画廊均经过精心的灯光控制，并通过精心布置的窗户来增加趣味性和方向感。
Leoh Ming Pei stacked the museum’s spaces in a nine-level tower that maximizes views through combination of transparency and bold architectural form. Visitors enter a glazed entry court and either descend to exhibitions on the three levels below or ascend through the permanent collection to an outdoor terrace, where sculpture is displayed against a sprawling mountain panorama. The galleries are carefully light-controlled, with strategically located windows to add interest and orientation.
-1988-
美秀美术馆
Miho Museum Kyoto
Photography @ PCF Partners
建筑师贝聿铭先生在距离京都市约一个小时的Shigaraki山区创作了美秀美术馆。该博物馆于1997年开放，是由备受争议的女继承人Mihoko Koyama和她的女儿Hiroko委托建造的，以存放她的亚洲和西方艺术及古物私人收藏。Mihoko Koyama是新宗教运动真二修美会的创始人。从博物馆，参观者可以看到该组织的总部和钟楼，同样也是由贝聿铭先生在1989年设计的。
Architect I.M. Pei created his version in the mountains of Shigaraki about an hour outside of Kyoto. Opened in 1997, the museum was commissioned by the controversial heiress Mihoko Koyama and her daughter Hiroko to house her private collection of Asian and Western art and antiquities. Mihoko Koyama was the founder of the new religion movement Shinji Shumeikai, which is widely regarded as a cult group. From the museum, visitors can see the headquarters of the group and a bell tower, also designed by I.M. Pei in 1989. I am surprised by Mr Pei's decision to work for a suspected cult leader, but I guess nothing is quite black or white in our complex world.
这座位于美丽的自然保护区的遗址给贝聿铭先生留下了深刻的印象。贝聿铭先生必须克服许多挑战，其中之一就是在建筑物与周围环境和地形之间建立和谐。然后，他成功地将博物馆的80％埋在了山下。博物馆本身可以通过隧道和可疑的桥梁到达，在樱花季节，樱花树的景色十分壮观。博物馆的藏品虽然不多，但引人注目且引人入胜。最重要的是，它得到了同样令人印象深刻的建筑的补充，该建筑强调自然采光和几何形式-贝聿铭先生作品中经常出现的元素，优雅低调的风格与日本传统美学产生了共鸣。
Perhaps Mr Pei was impressed by the site, which is located in a stunning nature reserve. There were many challenges that Mr Pei had to overcome, and one of them was to create harmony between the building and its surrounding environment and topography. And he succeeded this by burying eighty percent of the museum beneath the surface of the mountain. The museum itself is reachable through a tunnel and a suspected bridge, and the sight of the cherry trees is spectacular during the cherry blossom season. It is no wonder that so many tourists would make their way out of Kyoto to visit this museum. The museum collection is not huge, but it is remarkable and fascinating. Best of all, it is complemented by the equally impressive architecture that emphasises on natural lighting and geometric forms - elements that is often seen in Mr Pei's works. I think the elegant and understated style resonates with the traditional Japanese aesthetics.
-1989-
卢浮宫玻璃金字塔
Grand Louvre Modernization
Photography @ PCF Partners
历史悠久的卢浮宫被建为王宫，根本不适合用作博物馆。 挑战是对建筑物进行现代化和扩展，并使其与城市更好地融合，而同时又不损害历史建筑的完整性。贝聿铭先生分为两个阶段的解决方案涉及将长长的线性建筑重组为围绕着焦点庭院的紧凑型U形博物馆。
The historic Louvre was constructed as a royal palace and was fundamentally ill-suited to serve as a museum. The challenge was to modernize and expand the building and better integrate it with the city, all without compromising the integrity of the historic structure. The two-phase solution involved reorganizing the long, linear building into a compact U-shaped museum around a focal courtyard.
位于中心位置的玻璃金字塔形成了新的主要入口，并可以直接进入博物馆三个翼楼的每个画廊。 金字塔与众不同的现代表达方式与历史悠久的卢浮宫形成了和谐的对比对话。
A centrally located glass pyramid forms the new main entrance and provides direct access to galleries in each of the museum’s three wings. The pyramid’s distinctly modern articulation complements the historic Louvre in a dialogue of harmonious contrast.
-2006-
苏州博物馆新馆
Suzhou Museum
Photography @ PCF Partners
新的苏州博物馆毗邻19世纪的全国重点文物保护单位太平天国忠王府，以及被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的16世纪花园拙政园。
The new Suzhou museum borders the 19th-century Zhong Wang Fu residence, and the Humble Administrator Garden, a 16th-century garden included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
对于苏州博物馆来说，贝聿铭先生已经软化了刚性的几何形状，并选择创建相对较小的体积，以便将该项目与周围的花园，低矮的住宅和沿细长的运河的茶馆的精美装饰和谐地融合在一起。
For the Suzhou museum Pei has softened the rigid geometric shapes and has chosen to create relatively low volumes in order to harmoniously integrate the project with the delicacy of the gardens around, the low residences and the tea houses along the slender canals.
-2006-
现代艺术博物馆
Musée d'Art Moderne
Photography @ PCF Partners
贝聿铭先生设计的这个V字形博物馆分三层，占地2900平方米，位于Fort Thungen废墟上，这是防御系统的一部分，该系统曾经使卢森堡享有欧洲最坚固的城市之一的美誉。
Occupying 2,900 square meters of exhibit space on three levels, this V-shaped museum is cantilevered over the ruins of Fort Thungen, part of defensive system that once secured Luxembourg’s reputation as one of the most fortified cities in Europe.
博物馆被叠加在最初环绕箭头形内部堡垒的外堤上。 十八世纪的城墙与新建筑融为一体，承认并延续了该遗址的悠久历史和使用方式。 一楼设有一个玻璃封闭的冬季花园和雕塑院，两个无天窗的无柱空间都连接到中央接待大厅，办公时间过后可用于博物馆和州政府的活动。 二级以下的房屋展览馆和一个128个座位的礼堂。
The museum is superimposed on the outer embankment that originally surrounded the arrow-shaped inner fort. The eighteenth-century walls merge with the new building, acknowledging and continuing the rich history and use of the site. The ground floor houses a glass-enclosed winter garden and sculpture court, both skylit column-free spaces that connect to a central reception hall available after hours for museum and state functions. The two levels below grade house exhibition galleries and a 128-seat auditorium.
-2008-
太空塔
Torre Espacio
Photography @ Fernando Guerra
在马德里最重要的大道上，一个特殊的特权场所要求建筑物能够代表客户的身份并满足其租户的需求，同时参与其所在的城市。为了实现这些目标，该塔包括43个典型的办公楼层，塔顶的两个公司楼层，建筑底部的三层商业空间，以及六层地下停车场。该设计占据了新CBD中的一个重要位置，探索了非正交几何形状的潜力，这些几何形状在平面和剖面中都得到了应用，以产生前所未有的塔形。
Torre Espacio occupies an exceptionally privileged site on the most important avenue in Madrid. The program consists of 43 office floors, two corporate floors at the top of the tower, three floors of commercial space at the base of the building, and six levels of underground parking. Besides providing efficient and attractive offices, as one of its city's most prominent buildings it will energize the space in which it stands and animate the skyline of Madrid.
-2008-
伊斯兰艺术博物馆
Museum of Islamic Art
Photography @ Lois Lammerhuber
Photography @ Yueqi Jazzy Li
多哈伊斯兰艺术博物馆位于卡塔尔首都多哈海岸线之外的人工岛上﹐占地4.5万平方米，是迄今为止最全面的以伊斯兰艺术为主题的博物馆。
Housed on an artificial island inhabited by large palm trees, the new museum seems to rise from the sea, connected to the coast by two pedestrian bridges and one vehicular. A park designed by oases and dunes that finds space behind the museum contributes to making the context picturesque.
博物馆外墙用白色石灰石堆叠而成，折射在蔚蓝的海面上，形成一种慑人的宏伟力量。而再看建筑的细部，典型的伊斯兰风格几何图案和阿拉伯传统拱形窗，又为这座庞然大物增添几分柔和，稍稍中和了它的英武之气。
A glass curtain wall on the north side of the museum offers panoramic views of Doha's Gulf and West Bay from all five floors of the atrium. Inside, the ceilings are enriched by the complex ornaments of the domes, and by metal chandeliers suspended in the atrium.
该项目由两部分构成：一栋五层高的主楼和一栋两层的教育翼，由中央庭院连接。随着建筑物在中央穹顶周围的高度发展，主体建筑的角向后移50米高的中庭。圆顶从外面看不到，因为它被中央塔的墙壁所掩盖。
The project takes shape from the combination of two volumes: a 5-storey main building and a two-story Education Wing, connected by a central courtyard. The angular volumes of the main building move back as the structure develops in height around a central domed atrium 50 meters high. The dome is not visible from the outside as it is hidden by the walls of the central tower.
-2011-
约翰逊艺术博物馆扩建
Johnson Museum of Art Addition
Photography @ Paul Warchol
这是康奈尔大学标志性的1973年博物馆的扩建，之前也是由贝聿铭先生设计的，在不削弱原有建筑权威的情况下实现了自己的存在。
The expansion of Cornell University’s iconic 1973 museum, also designed by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, achieves its own presence without diminishing the authority of the original building.
保留了早期结构的浅黄色，建筑板形混凝土，增加了与其前身的清晰视觉联系，同时肯定了其独立的身份。 新建筑包含博物馆的重要亚洲艺术收藏品，包括150个座位的演讲室，艺术工作室，画廊，行政空间和大型艺术储藏区。与其不朽的邻居形成鲜明对比的是，这座面积为17,200平方英尺的建筑被整合到现有博物馆以北的一片倾斜的草坪上。
Retaining the buff-colored, architectural board-formed concrete of the earlier structure, the addition establishes a clear visual connection with its predecessor while affirming its independent identity. The new building houses the museum’s significant Asian art collection and includes a 150-seat lecture room, art studio, galleries, administrative space, and a large art-storage area. In quiet contrast to its monumental neighbor, the 17,200-square-foot addition is integrated into a sloping swath of lawn north of the existing museum.
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